Read the existing research on Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) by clicking on the PDF links for the full research papers... many more links to be added soon!

ADF&G, Division of Wildlife Conservation (DWC) Publications, as of January 10, 2023, 407 Resource(s) found searching for Sitka Black-tailed Deer PDF Link

Bildfell, R.J., Mertins, J.W., Mortenson, J.A. and Cottam, D.F., 2004. Hair-loss syndrome in black-tailed deer of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 40(4), pp.670-681. PDF Link

Bloom, A.M., 1978. Sitka black-tailed deer winter range in the Kadashan Bay area, Southeast Alaska. The Journal of Wildlife Management, pp.108-112. PDF Link

Bonnot, N.C., N. Morellet, A.J.M.Hewison, J.-L. Martin, S. Benhamou, and S. Chamaillé-Jammes. 2016. Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) adjust habitat selection and activity rhythm to the absence of predators. Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, pp. 385–394 PDF Link

Brinkman, T.J., Kofinas, G.P., Chapin III, F.S. and Person, D.K., 2007. Influence of hunter adaptability on resilience of subsistence hunting systems. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 11(1), pp.58-63.  PDF Link

Brinkman, T.J., 2009. Resilience of a deer hunting system in Southeast Alaska: integrating social, ecological, and genetic dimensions. University of Alaska Fairbanks.  PDF Link

Brinkman, T.J., Chapin, T., Kofinas, G. and Person, D.K., 2009. Linking hunter knowledge with forest change to understand changing deer harvest opportunities in intensively logged landscapes. Ecology and Society, 14(1).   PDF Link

Brinkman et al. 2010. Effects of time and rainfall on PCR success using DNA extracted from deer fecal pellets. PDF Link

Brinkman, T.J., Person, D.K., Schwartz, M.K., Pilgrim, K.L., Colson, K.E. and Hundertmark, K.J., 2010. Individual identification of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) using DNA from fecal pellets. Conservation Genetics Resources, 2(1), pp.115-118. PDF Link

Brinkman, T.J., Person, D.K., Chapin III, F.S., Smith, W. and Hundertmark, K.J., 2011. Estimating abundance of Sitka black‐tailed deer using DNA from fecal pellets. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 75(1), pp.232-242.  PDF Link

Brinkman, T.J., Person, D.K., Smith, W., Chapin III, F.S., McCoy, K., Leonawicz, M. and Hundertmark, K.J., 2013. Using DNA to test the utility of pellet‐group counts as an index of deer counts. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 37(2), pp.444-450.   PDF Link

Bubenik, G.A., Jacobson, J.P., Schams, D. and Bartoš, L., 2001. Cryptorchism, hypogonadism and antler malformations in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) of Kodiak island. Zeitschrift Für Jagdwissenschaft, 47(4), pp.241-252. PDF Link

Burgess, B. T., Irvine, R. L., Howald, G. R. & Russello, M. A. (2021). The Promise of Genetics and Genomics for Improving Invasive Mammal Management on Islands. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 704809. PDF Link

Burgess, B. T., Irvine, R. L., & Russello, M. A. (2022). A Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing panel to improve invasive deer management using non-invasive fecal and hair samples. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e8993. PDF Link

Burgess, B. T., Irvine, R. L., & Russello, M. A. (2022). Population genomics of Sitka blacktailed deer supports invasive species management and ecological restoration on islands. Communications Biology, 5, 223. PDF Link

Chang, K.T., Verbyla, D.L. and Yeo, J.J., 1995. Spatial analysis of habitat selection by Sitka black-tailed deer in southeast Alaska, USA. Environmental Management, 19(4), pp.579-589. PDF Link

Chollet, S., Maillard, M., Schörghuber, J., Grayston, S.J. and Martin, J.L., 2021. Deer slow down litter decomposition by reducing litter quality in a temperate forest. Ecology, 102(2), p.e03235. PDF Link.

Coelho, F.A.S., Tomlin, C.M., Prince, K.K., McLaren, D., Fedje, D., Latch, E., Heffelfinger, J.R., Baichtal, J., Talbot, S.L., Heaton, T. and Lindqvist, C., 2024. Ancient genomes of Sitka black-tailed deer show evidence for postglacial stepping-stone dispersal along the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. PDF Link

Colson, K.E., Brinkman, T.J., Person, D.K. and Hundertmark, K.J., 2013. Fine-scale social and spatial genetic structure in Sitka black-tailed deer. Conservation Genetics, 14(2), pp.439-449.  PDF Link

Doerr, J.G., Degayner, E.J. and Ith, G., 2005. Winter habitat selection by Sitka black‐tailed deer. The Journal of wildlife management, 69(1), pp.322-331. PDF Link

Farmer, C.J., Kirchhoff, M.D. and Person, D.K., 1998. Effects of even-aged timber management on survivorship in Sitka black-tailed deer, Southeast Alaska. State of Alaska, Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation. PDF Link

Farmer, C.J., 2002. Survival and habitat selection of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in a fragmented coastal temperate rainforest. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. PDF Link

Farmer, C.J., Person, D.K. and Bowyer, R.T., 2006. Risk factors and mortality of black‐tailed deer in a managed forest landscape. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 70(5), pp.1403-1415. PDF Link

Gilbert, Sophie & K. Person, David & Boyce, Mark & Hundertmark, Kris. (2014). Fear, forage and fawns: Reproductive status determines response of adult female deer to bear and wolf predation risks in Southeast Alaska. Abstract Link

Gilbert, S.L., 2015. Environmental drivers of deer population dynamics and spatial selection in Southeast Alaska. University of Alaska Fairbanks.  PDF Link

Gilbert, S.L., Haynes, T., Lindberg, M.S., Albert, D., Kissling, M. and Person, D.K., 2015. Future population trends and drivers of change for Alexander Archipelago wolves on and near Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Draft report submitted to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region, 7.  PDF Link

Gilbert, S.L., 2016. Bald Eagle Predation on Sitka Black-Tailed Deer Fawns. Northwestern Naturalist, 97(1), pp.66-69.  PDF Link

Gilbert, S.L., Hundertmark, K.J., Person, D.K., Lindberg, M.S. and Boyce, M.S., 2017. Behavioral plasticity in a variable environment: snow depth and habitat interactions drive deer movement in winter. Journal of Mammalogy, 98(1), pp.246-259. PDf Link

Gilbert, S.L., Hundertmark, K.J., Lindberg, M.S., Person, D.K. and Boyce, M.S., 2020. The importance of environmental variability and transient population dynamics for a northern ungulate. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, p.531027. PDF Link

Gillingham, M.P., 2004. Ecology of black-tailed deer in north coastal environments. In Lessons from the Islands: Proceedings from the Research Group on Introduced Species 2002 Conference, Queen Charlotte City, British Columbia. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada (pp. 39-47). PDF Link

Hanley, T.A. Relationships between Sitka black-tailed deer and their habitat. 1984. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW168. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 21 p. PDF Link

Hanley, T.A. and McKendrick, J.D., 1985. Potential nutritional limitations for black-tailed deer in a spruce-hemlock forest, southeastern Alaska. The journal of wildlife management, pp.103-114. PDK Link

Hanley, T.A. Physical and chemical response of understory vegetation to deer use in southeastern Alaska. 1987. Canadian Journal of Forest Resources, 17, pp. 195-199. PDF Link

Hanley, T.A., 1989. Forest habitats and the nutritional ecology of Sitka black-tailed deer: a research synthesis with implications for forest management. PDF Link

Hanley, T.A. Balancing economic development, biological conservation, and human culture: the Sitka black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis as an ecological indicator. 1993. Biological Conservation, 66, pp. 61-67. PDF Link.

Hanley, T.A. Potential management of young-growth stands for understory vegetation and wildlife habitat in southeastern Alaska. 2004. Landscape and Urban Planning, 72, pp. 95-112. PDF Link.

Hanley, T.A., Gillingham, M.P. and Parker, K.L., 2014. Composition of diets selected by Sitka black-tailed deer on Channel Island, central southeast Alaska. Res. Note. PNW-RN-570. Portland, OR: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 21 p., 570. PDF Link

Kellam, C.W., 2023. Effects of Young-Growth Management on Sitka Black-Tailed Deer in Southeast Alaska (Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks). PDF Link.

Kirchhoff, M.D., Schoen, J.W. and Wallmo, O.C., 1983. Black-tailed deer use in relation to forest clear-cut edges in southeastern Alaska. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 47(2), pp.497-501. PDF Link

Kirchhoff, M.D. and Larsen, D.N., 1998. Dietary overlap between native Sitka black-tailed deer and introduced elk in southeast Alaska. The Journal of wildlife management, pp.236-242. PDF Link

Le Saout, S., 2013. Understanding high densities of deer in a heavily browsed habitat: a study on food and fear in Sitka black-tailed deer.

Le Saout, S., Padié, S., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chollet, S., Côté, S., Morellet, N., Pattison, J., Harris, E. and Martin, J.L., 2014. Short-term effects of hunting on naïve black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis): behavioural response and consequences on vegetation growth. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 92(11), pp.915-925. PDF Link

Le Saout, S., Massouh, M., Martin, J.L., Presseault-Gauvin, H., Poilvé, E., Côté, S.D., Picot, D., Verheyden, H. and Chamaillé-Jammes, S., 2016. Levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites do not reflect environmental contrasts across islands in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) populations. Mammal research, 61(4), pp.391-398. PDF Link

Latch, E.K., Amann, R.P., Jacobson, J.P. and Rhodes Jr, O.E., 2008. Competing hypotheses for the etiology of cryptorchidism in Sitka black‐tailed deer: an evaluation of evolutionary alternatives. Animal Conservation, 11(3), pp.234-246. PDF Link

Latch, E.K., Heffelfinger, J.R., Fike, J.A. and Rhodes Jr, O.E., 2009. Species‐wide phylogeography of North American mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus): cryptic glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization. Molecular Ecology, 18(8), pp.1730-1745. PDF Link

Latch, E.K., Reding, D.M., Heffelfinger, J.R., Alcalá‐Galván, C.H. and Rhodes Jr, O.E., 2014. Range‐wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (Odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography. Molecular ecology, 23(13), pp.3171-3190.  . PDF Link

Lewis, S.W., 1994. Fecal and rumen analyses in relation to temporal variation in black-tailed deer diets. The Journal of wildlife management, pp.53-58. PDF Link

McCoy, K., Pendleton, G.W. and Flynn, R.W., 2014. Assessing Population Estimation Protocols for Sitka Black-tailed Deer Using DNA from Fecal Pellets. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Region 1. PDF Link

Mendenhall, D.T., 2018. The cascading effects of invasive sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitchensis) on the soils, plants and fungal communities of Haida Gwaii (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia). PDF Link

Mysterud, A. and Østbye, E., 1999. Cover as a habitat element for temperate ungulates: effects on habitat selection and demography. Wildlife society bulletin, pp.385-394. PDF Link

Nelson, J., D. Cottam, E. W. Holman, D. J. Lancaster, S. McCorquodale, D. K. Person. 2008. Habitat Guidelines for Black-tailed Deer: Coastal Rainforest Ecoregion. Mule Deer Working Group, Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. PDF Link

Olson, S., 1979. The life and times of the black-tailed deer in Southeast Alaska. In Sitka black-tailed deer: proceedings of a conference in Juneau, AK. Series R10-48. US Forest Service, Alaska Region (pp. 160-169). PDF Link

Parker, K.L., Gillingham, M.P., Hanley, T.A. and Robbins, C.T., 1993. Seasonal patterns in body mass, body composition, and water transfer rates of free-ranging and captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(7), pp.1397-1404. PDF Link

Parker, K.L., Gillingham, M.P., Hanley, T.A. and Robbins, C.T., 1996. Foraging efficiency: energy expenditure versus energy gain in free-ranging black-tailed deer. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(3), pp.442-450. PDF Link

Parker, K.L., Gillingham, M.P., Hanley, T.A. and Robbins, C.T., 1999. Energy and protein balance of free-ranging black-tailed deer in a natural forest environment. Wildlife Monographs, pp.3-48. PDF Link

Reynolds, J. L. 1979. History and current status of Sitka black-tailed deer in Prince William Sound. Pages 177-195 [In] O. C. Wallmo, and J. W. Schoen, editors. Sitka black-tailed deer: Proceedings of a conference in Juneau, Alaska, 22-24 February 1978. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, in cooperation with Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Series No. R10-48. PDF Link

Roffler, G.H., Gregovich, D.P. and Larson, K.R., 2018. Resource selection by coastal wolves reveals the seasonal importance of seral forest and suitable prey habitat. Forest Ecology and Management, 409, pp.190-201. PDF Link

Roffler, G.H., Allen, J.M., Massey, A. and Levi, T., 2021. Metabarcoding of fecal DNA shows dietary diversification in wolves substitutes for ungulates in an island archipelago. Ecosphere, 12(1), p.e03297. PDF Link

Roffler, G. H., Pilgrim, K. L., Zarn, K. E., Schwartz, M. K., & Levi, T. (2023). Variation in adult and pup wolf diets at natal den sites is influenced by forest composition and configuration. Ecology and Evolution, 13, e9648. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9648. PDF Link.

Schoen, J.W., Kirchhoff, M.D. and Wallmo, O.C., 1981. Seasonal distribution and habitat use by Sitka black-tailed deer in southeastern Alaska. State of Alaska, Department of Fish and Game, Division of Game. PDF Link

Schoen, J.W. and Kirchhoff, M.D., 1985. Seasonal distribution and home-range patterns of Sitka black-tailed deer on Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska. The Journal of wildlife management, pp.96-103. PDF Link

Schoen, J. and Kirchhoff, M., 2016. Sitka black-tailed deer. Ecological atlas of Southeast Alaska. Audubon Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, pp.150-154. PDF Link

Shanley, C., D. Eacker, B. Bennetsen, S. Gilbert. 2021. LiDAR improves wildlife habitat models in a managed forest. Forest Ecology and Management PDF Link

Shanley, C.S., Eacker, D.R., Reynolds, C.P., Bennetsen, B.M. and Gilbert, S.L., 2021. Using LiDAR and Random Forest to improve deer habitat models in a managed forest landscape. Forest Ecology and Management, 499, p.119580. PDF Link

Smith, R.B., 1979, February. History and current status of Sitka black-tailed deer in the Kodiak Archipelago. In Sitka black-tailed deer, proceedings of a conference (pp. 184-195). PDF Link

Spalinger, D.E., Hanley, T.A. and Robbins, C.T., 1988. Analysis of the functional response in foraging in the Sitka black‐tailed deer. Ecology, 69(4), pp.1166-1175. PDF Link

Stockton, S.A., 2004. The effect of introduced Sitka black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Merriam, on the forest understorey plant communities of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia: pattern, process, and recovery (Doctoral dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada)). PDF Link

Tryland, M., Beckmen, K.B., Burek-Huntington, K.A., Breines, E.M. and Klein, J., 2018. Orf virus infection in Alaskan mountain goats, Dall’s sheep, muskoxen, caribou and Sitka black-tailed deer. Acta veterinaria scandinavica, 60(1), pp.1-11. PDF Link

Veeramachaneni, D.R., Amann, R.P. and Jacobson, J.P., 2006. Testis and antler dysgenesis in sitka black-tailed deer on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Sequela of environmental endocrine disruption?. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(Suppl 1), pp.51-59. PDF Link

Wallmo, O.C. and Schoen, J.W., 1979. Sitka black-tailed deer: proceedings of a conference in Juneau, Alaska. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region. PDF Link

White, K.S., Pendleton, G.W. and Hood, E., 2009. Effects of snow on Sitka black‐tailed deer browse availability and nutritional carrying capacity in southeastern Alaska. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 73(4), pp.481-487. PDF Link

Yeo, J.J. and Peek, J.M., 1992. Habitat selection by female Sitka black-tailed deer in logged forests of southeastern Alaska. The Journal of wildlife management, pp.253-261. PDF Link